Oleh: Ali Murtadho
The main institutions of Islamic education in
Indonesia are Pondok Pesantren and Madrasah. Pondok Pesantren – or just we
gloss as Pesantren – (Traditional Islamic Boarding School) is an out of school
system of education where Muslim students (Santri) learn, understand,
comprehend and practice the Islamic way of life in 24 hours a day and 7 days a
week in a secluded compound.
week in a secluded compound.
The Pesantren characteristic is marked by
the availability of some components:
a. Santri
Mondok. The live-in students, when they stay in dormitories inside Pesantren
Complex.
b. Santri
Kalong. The live-out students, if they stay in neighboring areas in some
distance of Pesantren.
5. Kyai. The central figure, owner, leader or
shaikh of Pesantren. He himself or his assistant reads and recites Kitab Kuning
to the Santri.
Usually Pesantren Institution has a
special body for learning and teaching activities; Madrasah (Diniyah) or
Islamic Day Schools as the classical and formal schooling. Almost all of the
santri should attend the religious school (Madrasah)at day time as their
primary learning and teaching process. It is a sort of obligatory.
Levels of Madrasah
Madrasah in a Pesantren Campus is completely different from that outside Pesantren pertaining to the usage of curruculum. Madrasah outside Pesantren (MI, MTs, MA) are required to make use of the National Curriculium provided by the Department of National Education for general (non-religious) subjects, which make up 70 % of subject matter taught in Madrasah plus they have an additional curriculum of religious studies (30%) provided by the Department of Religion. Thus the use of the National Curriculum in Madrasah outside Pesantren means that they are considered equivalent to general schools administered by the Department of National Education because the curriculum closely resembles that of general schools. So in many ways Madrasah are more “like” general schools than Pesantren.
In contrast, Madrasah inside Pesantren
are not required to apply the National Curriculum. The Head or the Board of Trustees of Pesantren
decide the their own curriculum. So they are independent from the Department of
National Education or the Department of Religion. Consequently, Government have less control
over Pesantren and their institutions. Some Pesantren do teach the National
Curriculum and their formal classes are indistinguishable from those in
Madrasah or general schools. But many others still use more traditional
pedagogical methods. As Traditional Islamic Boarding School, Pesantren remain independent
institutions and are distinct from Madrasah or general schools.
Modernity Challenges in the Era of Globalisation
•Public Outlook; People attitude to life of religiousness or
devoutness of Islamic norms these last decades is relatively loosening out in
line with the prevalence of materialism, pragmatism, hedonism etc. so they are
reluctant to send their boys or girls to Pesantren, especially traditional
Islamic boarding schools have become less popular choice for Indonesian
parents.
•The information and communication
technology ie internet technology penetration in Indonesia brings about changes
in almost all aspects of life and the application of internet among youth tends
to serve only entertainment and amusement such as FB and Twitter rather than supplying
useful learning of knowledge or science, resulting in wasting their precious
time.
•The fact that job opportunities in
Indonesia depends on formal certificates accredited and recognised by the
authority makes Muslim Community in Indonesia prefer formal or general schools
to Pesantren.
Western Images
of Pesantren students are sort of absurd, because of the involvement of few of them in the acts of violent terrorism
in Indonesia.[]
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